What is a Telephoto Lens?

For most photographers this may sound like a silly question, but it bares mentioning that, when it comes to focal length, anything beyond a 50mm equivalent is considered to be a telephoto lens. For those who shoot with a crop sensor that focal length will be smaller. For example, a micro 4/3s camera has a 2x crop factor making anything beyond 25mm fall within the telephoto range.

Telephoto lenses have several characteristics that impact the final image. Of course, the important one is that they have greater reach and therefore pull your subject in closer and have it fill more of the frame. In the process they provide a smaller field of view and greater compression. The greater the focal length, the more pronounced these characteristics become.

Olympus makes a variety of telephoto lenses. Many of them are great utility lenses that cover the entire gamut from wide angle to mid-range telephoto. My ‘workhorse’ lens is the 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO. It has the perfect reach for many of the landscape shooting scenarios that I find myself in.

6 Reasons to Shoot Landscapes with a Telephoto Lens

One of the best skills that any photographer can develop is the ability to mentally 'see' the final photograph before they even bring the camera up to their eye. Part of that pre-visualization is knowing how your camera gear 'sees'. Each lens you own will capture the scene in different ways, and although I mainly rely on my wide-angle lenses to capture landscape scenes there are several reasons why a telephoto lens may be the better choice for some situations.

Isolating Your Subject

A telephoto lens is a great tool to help isolate your subject from distractions that might pull focus. As a photographer you have the power to control what your viewer sees, and more importantly, what your viewer doesn't see in the final image. A longer focal length can simplify your composition. Just remember to leave some breathing room around your subject. You still want to ensure that there is space for the eye to explore the surroundings and provide context for the main subject.

OM-D E-M1 Mark II | M.Zuiko Digital ED 40-150mm F2.8 PRO 150mm |1/80s | F6.3 | ISO 640

Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park is an incredibly scenic spot, but for this shot I felt it was important to keep the red canoe as the key subject. By zooming in I was able to create a simple composition with no distractions that might pull focus.

Compress Space

Telephoto lenses give the illusion that the space between objects has been compressed. This can create an interesting layered effect when photographing distant hills, or make a forest of trees appear denser, or exaggerate the curves in a winding stretch of highway. Part of the appeal of this type of shot is that our own eyes cannot see a scene in this way. Keep in mind that telephoto lenses provide less depth of field for subjects that are fairly close to the lens, but this is less likely to be an issue when pulling in more distant scenes.

OM-D E-M1X | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 66mm | 1/200s | F6.3 | ISO 640

OM-D E-M1 Mark II | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 60mm | 1/25s | F8 | ISO 200

In order to capture the maximum depth of field for this shot I needed to focus bracket two images to ensure that both the aspens in the foreground and those farther away were sharp.

Pull in the Details

On a trip through southern Alberta I came across a beautiful lake with a mirrored reflection and some nice evening light. I attempted to create a wide-angle landscape shot, but with a rather dull foreground, and lack of interest in the sky, the final image wasn't doing the scene justice. Instead I switched to a longer focal length and pulled in the far shore. When your foreground lacks interest, switching to a telephoto lens will help emphasize details in the distant surroundings that you may not be able to get to. I will regularly use this approach when the sky lacks interest as well.

OM-D E-M5 Mark II | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-40mm F2.8 PRO 12mm | 1/60s | F8 | ISO 250

Shoot Panoramas

One of the issues with photographing a landscape using a longer telephoto lens is that you may not be able to capture as much of the scene as you would like due to the narrower field of view. To compensate for this, try creating panoramas. When I shoot panos I photograph in vertical orientation, overlap each image in the sequence by 30-40%, and since I rarely use a tripod for my landscape images, I use the built-in level to try to ensure each image lines up well.

OM-D E-M1 Mark II | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 55mm | 1/30s | F7.1 | ISO 200

Five separate images were used to create this panorama.

OM-D E-M1 Mark III | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 100mm | 1/640s | F5.6 | ISO 200

OM-D E-M1 Mark II | M.Zuiko Digital ED 300mm F4.0 IS PRO 300mm | 1/3200s | F11 | ISO 250

Exaggerate the Atmosphere

One scene almost demands the use of a longer lens - misty mornings. A low-lying mist can be difficult to capture with a wide angle lens, but zoom in and you see how the mist plays with the light. It also helps isolate your subject and simplify your composition. I rarely use a telephoto lens to photograph a sunrise, but when the sun is well defined through a thicker haze it seems a natural fit.

OM-D E-M1 | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-40mm F2.8 PRO 15mm | 1/160s | F8 | ISO 400

The mist in the channel was barely visible with a wide-angle shot, but by switching to a telephoto lens I was able to emphasize the details in the bridge and how the rising sun was playing with the light.

OM-D E-M1 | M.Zuiko Digital ED 75-300mm F4.8-6.7 II 117mm | 1/1000s | F6.3 | ISO 200

OM-D E-M1X | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 75mm | 1/1000s | F4 | ISO 200

Some low-lying clouds created some interesting shadows within the Grand Canyon.

OM-D E-M1 Mark III | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 75mm | 1/3200s | F6.3 | ISO 200

Create Natural Abstracts

Photography is built on the elements of design - line, pattern, shape, etc. A good photographer tries to incorporate these into most of their images. Using a telephoto lens can isolate these elements from the 'big picture' and create an interesting natural abstract.

OM-D E-M1X | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 100mm | 1/320s | F7.1 | ISO 200

It was the colour contrast between the mud and water that caught my eye in this scene. I then used my telephoto lens to emphasize the circular 'bite' of the rising tide on these mud flats.

OM-D E-M1 Mark III | M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm F4.0 IS PRO 100mm | 1/640s | F5.6 | ISO 200

Great Sand Dunes National Park has endless opportunities to create interesting abstract images amongst the ever-shifting dunes.